Mesothelioma wikipedia
Wednesday, February 21, 2018
Mesothelioma Wikipedia: The history of asbestos in the United States and other industrialized countries is a sad story of corporate greed. Companies that produced asbestos-containing products saw their workers becoming sick with lung scarring, asbestosis, and cancer nearly 100 years ago.
Mesothelioma is generally resistant to radiation and chemotherapy treatment. Long-term survival and cures are exceedingly rare. Treatment of malignant mesothelioma at earlier stages has a better prognosis. Clinical behavior of the malignancy is affected by several factors including the continuous mesothelial surface of the pleural cavity which favors local metastasis via exfoliated cells, invasion to underlying tissue and other organs within the pleural cavity, and the extremely long latency period between asbestos exposure and development of the disease. The histological subtype and the patient's age and health status also help predict prognosis. The epithelioid histology responds better to treatment and has a survival advantage over sarcomatoid histology.
Also intriguing is the idea that one might be able to categorize cancers that do or do not have a microbial influence. It has been demonstrated in head and neck cancers that microbes live deep within tumor tissue, thus contributing to the intracellular stromal environment. Unless their borders are breached by infection, organs such as the kidney and the pancreas have been thought to be completely sterile. With modern metagenomic profiling, which can identify fastidious and previously unculturable microorganisms, we might find that fewer organ systems are sterile than previously thought and that the contribution of the microbial microenvironment might have a much more inward reaching influence than currently assumed. Classifying cancers into sterile and non-sterile, if sterile cancers truly exist, might garner increased biological understanding of tumorigenesis, perhaps providing new avenues for diagnosis and even novel treatment modalities for nonsterile cancers’
Peritoneal mesothelioma has two clinical types which can be differentiated with the help of CT findings, the "dry" type and the "wet". It is classified as "dry" when there are multiple tiny masses or one dominant localized mass and generally little or no ascites. The "wet" type has widespread small nodules, no dominant mass and a presence of ascites. If the fluid is found, the process of eliminating it is through paracentesis; however, the analysis of this fluid has limited diagnostic significance. Normally, a definitive diagnosis may be obtained through a tissue biopsy.
Older homes and buildings may contain asbestos. In many cases, it’s more dangerous to remove the asbestos than it is to leave it intact. Breaking up asbestos may cause fibers to become airborne, where they can be inhaled. Consult experts trained to detect asbestos in your home. These experts may test the air in your home to determine whether the asbestos is a risk to your health. Don’t attempt to remove asbestos from your home hire a qualified expert. The Environmental Protection Agency offers advice on its website for dealing with asbestos in the home.
Article’s main message is a selective association of particular bacteria with the human tumor, PDAC, with such association being capable of conferring tumor resistance to the anti-cancer drug, gemcitabine. More than one other group (2, 3) has previously reported such bacterial (Mycoplasma) ability to alter anti-cancer nucleoside function.
Although anyone exposed to asbestos is at risk of developing mesothelioma, the average victims are typically males. The underlying reason for this is simply because males were the predominant gender in places of employment in which asbestos was used prior to its ban. Since it usually takes decades to diagnose, victims are commonly older, with an average age of 60.
Analysis of the interactions between asbestos fibers and DNA has shown that phagocytosed fibers are able to make contact with chromosomes, often adhering to the chromatin fibers or becoming entangled within the chromosome. This contact between the asbestos fiber and the chromosomes or structural proteins of the spindle apparatus can induce complex abnormalities. The most common abnormality is monosomy of chromosome 22. Other frequent abnormalities include structural rearrangement of 1p, 3p, 9p and 6q chromosome arms.
Tirumalai Kamala A Ph.D. in Microbiology from India. Immunology training and research at the NIH, USA. Science is not just a career, rather it's my vocation. My specific interests: 1. Our immune responses. How do they start? Continue? Stop? 2. Science as an enterprise. The boons and banes. Why we do what we do. How do we do it? This blog re-posts my Quora answers. Its purpose is to demystify science and to share snippets of insights I've gained in my journey thus far in both life and science.
There are three main histological subtypes of malignant mesothelioma: epithelioid, sarcomatous, and biphasic. Epithelioid and biphasic mesothelioma makeup approximately 75-95% of mesotheliomas and have been well characterized histologically, whereas sarcomatous mesothelioma has not been studied extensively. Most mesotheliomas express high levels of cytokeratin 5 regardless of subtype.
The life expectancy for mesothelioma patients is poor, as there is no cure for the disease. The stage of the disease, cell type, and location of the tumor(s) are the most important factors for a patients survival. Factors such as the patient's overall health, age, and whether cancer has spread also impact prognosis.
Doctors divide mesothelioma into different types based on what part of the mesothelium is affected. Mesothelioma most often affects the tissue that surrounds the lungs (pleura). This type is called pleural mesothelioma. Other, rarer types of mesothelioma affect tissue in the abdomen (peritoneal mesothelioma), around the heart and around the testicles.
Treatment is expensive, and insurance companies may not cover the cost of diagnostic tests or experimental therapies. People without medical insurance will face an even harder battle. If you or a loved one is diagnosed, consider taking steps to protect your finances.
Longer-term follow-up of one of these 3 patients provided one remarkable proof-of-concept result. Fifty years old at the time of the original study, this patient’s GBM had proven resistant to surgery (resection), radiation and a chemotherapy drug, temozolomide. Since this patient developed additional spinal cord lesions as well, the researchers decided to intra-cranially infuse the IL-13Ra2 CAR-Ts not just in one but two locations.
Also intriguing is the idea that one might be able to categorize cancers that do or do not have a microbial influence. It has been demonstrated in head and neck cancers that microbes live deep within tumor tissue, thus contributing to the intracellular stromal environment. Unless their borders are breached by infection, organs such as the kidney and the pancreas have been thought to be completely sterile. With modern metagenomic profiling, which can identify fastidious and previously unculturable microorganisms, we might find that fewer organ systems are sterile than previously thought and that the contribution of the microbial microenvironment might have a much more inward reaching influence than currently assumed. Classifying cancers into sterile and non-sterile, if sterile cancers truly exist, might garner increased biological understanding of tumorigenesis, perhaps providing new avenues for diagnosis and even novel treatment modalities for nonsterile cancers’
Peritoneal mesothelioma has two clinical types which can be differentiated with the help of CT findings, the "dry" type and the "wet". It is classified as "dry" when there are multiple tiny masses or one dominant localized mass and generally little or no ascites. The "wet" type has widespread small nodules, no dominant mass and a presence of ascites. If the fluid is found, the process of eliminating it is through paracentesis; however, the analysis of this fluid has limited diagnostic significance. Normally, a definitive diagnosis may be obtained through a tissue biopsy.
Older homes and buildings may contain asbestos. In many cases, it’s more dangerous to remove the asbestos than it is to leave it intact. Breaking up asbestos may cause fibers to become airborne, where they can be inhaled. Consult experts trained to detect asbestos in your home. These experts may test the air in your home to determine whether the asbestos is a risk to your health. Don’t attempt to remove asbestos from your home hire a qualified expert. The Environmental Protection Agency offers advice on its website for dealing with asbestos in the home.
Article’s main message is a selective association of particular bacteria with the human tumor, PDAC, with such association being capable of conferring tumor resistance to the anti-cancer drug, gemcitabine. More than one other group (2, 3) has previously reported such bacterial (Mycoplasma) ability to alter anti-cancer nucleoside function.
Although anyone exposed to asbestos is at risk of developing mesothelioma, the average victims are typically males. The underlying reason for this is simply because males were the predominant gender in places of employment in which asbestos was used prior to its ban. Since it usually takes decades to diagnose, victims are commonly older, with an average age of 60.
Analysis of the interactions between asbestos fibers and DNA has shown that phagocytosed fibers are able to make contact with chromosomes, often adhering to the chromatin fibers or becoming entangled within the chromosome. This contact between the asbestos fiber and the chromosomes or structural proteins of the spindle apparatus can induce complex abnormalities. The most common abnormality is monosomy of chromosome 22. Other frequent abnormalities include structural rearrangement of 1p, 3p, 9p and 6q chromosome arms.
Tirumalai Kamala A Ph.D. in Microbiology from India. Immunology training and research at the NIH, USA. Science is not just a career, rather it's my vocation. My specific interests: 1. Our immune responses. How do they start? Continue? Stop? 2. Science as an enterprise. The boons and banes. Why we do what we do. How do we do it? This blog re-posts my Quora answers. Its purpose is to demystify science and to share snippets of insights I've gained in my journey thus far in both life and science.
There are three main histological subtypes of malignant mesothelioma: epithelioid, sarcomatous, and biphasic. Epithelioid and biphasic mesothelioma makeup approximately 75-95% of mesotheliomas and have been well characterized histologically, whereas sarcomatous mesothelioma has not been studied extensively. Most mesotheliomas express high levels of cytokeratin 5 regardless of subtype.
The life expectancy for mesothelioma patients is poor, as there is no cure for the disease. The stage of the disease, cell type, and location of the tumor(s) are the most important factors for a patients survival. Factors such as the patient's overall health, age, and whether cancer has spread also impact prognosis.
Doctors divide mesothelioma into different types based on what part of the mesothelium is affected. Mesothelioma most often affects the tissue that surrounds the lungs (pleura). This type is called pleural mesothelioma. Other, rarer types of mesothelioma affect tissue in the abdomen (peritoneal mesothelioma), around the heart and around the testicles.
Treatment is expensive, and insurance companies may not cover the cost of diagnostic tests or experimental therapies. People without medical insurance will face an even harder battle. If you or a loved one is diagnosed, consider taking steps to protect your finances.
Longer-term follow-up of one of these 3 patients provided one remarkable proof-of-concept result. Fifty years old at the time of the original study, this patient’s GBM had proven resistant to surgery (resection), radiation and a chemotherapy drug, temozolomide. Since this patient developed additional spinal cord lesions as well, the researchers decided to intra-cranially infuse the IL-13Ra2 CAR-Ts not just in one but two locations.